charge & drive

Three.js Sandbox
Tesla Model 3 Performance (2024)
  • Horsepower: 510 HP
  • Cost: $47,490 if you qualify for Federal Tax Credit (May 2025)
  • Acceleration (0-60 mph): 2.9s
  • Top Speed: 163mph
  • Weight: 4,250 lbs
  • Battery: ~80 kWh
  • Charging: Up to 250 kW DC fast-charging
  • Range: EPA 296 miles or 3.9 miles/kWh

🔋 Battery Percentage

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🚘 Odometer

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Data Sources

Fuel Economy

Tesla’s EPA of $3.9 \ \frac{\text{miles}}{\text{kWh}}$ is very different than my reality. If you take a look at the odometer chart above, I’ve plotted “lifetime energy” in kWh with it. On the first data point, my odometer read $22,653 \text{ miles}$ and my lifetime energy spent was $8635.91 \text{ kWh}$. $ 3.9 \frac{\text{miles}}{\text{kWh}} \times 8635.91 \text{ kWh} \approx 33,680 \text{ miles}$, which is much greater than the $22,653 \text{ miles}$ I actually drove. This brings down my actual EPA is closer to $~2.6 \ \frac{\text{miles}}{\text{kWh}}$. So where is the remaining energy going?

  1. Driving (In)efficiencies
  • First Law of Thermodynamics: Tesla boasts their extremely efficient regenerative braking system. Despite this, it cannot capture all the kinetic energy generated by the vehicle. Some is lost. This is the case for stop-and-go traffic and hilly terrain (which are abundant in California).
  • Aggressive Driving: Driving sports mode is fun, but frequent acceleration reduces efficiency.
  • Highway Driving: At higher speeds, aerodynamic drag becomes a larger factor in energy efficiency.
  1. Non-driving Energy Consumption
  • Heating/Cooling: Tesla’s glass roof creates a greenhouse effect in the cabin (I’ve seen temperatures above 120 degrees F in Southern California). Cooling the cabin down can use several kWh of energy. Heating the cabin likely uses way more energy.
  • Sentry Mode: Continuous camera monitoring uses ~0.25-0.5 kWh/hour. This can add more than >500 kWh/year (but cheaper than any uninsured damages).
  • Preconditioning: Preheating the cabin or battery before charge sessions can use ~1-5 kWh a session.
  1. System Inefficiencies
  • Charging Losses: AC charging incurs ~8-15% losses due to heat, conditioning, and charger inefficiencies. DC fast charigng has ~5-10% losses, but higher peak power may increase battery heating = degradation.
  • Battery Degradation: LFP batteries typically see ~2% battery degradation a year.
  • Regenerative Braking: In cold weather or with a nearly full battery, regen braking is less effective.